Rework the readme

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* A fast, portable and opinionated build system
* JBUILDER - A composable build system for OCaml
Jbuilder is a build system that was designed to simplify the release
of Jane Street packages. It should however cover the needs of a wide
range of OCaml packages. It reads metadata from =jbuild= files
following a very simple s-expression syntax.
Jbuilder is a build system designed for OCaml projects only. It
focuses on providing the user with a consistent experience and takes
care of most of the low-level details of OCaml compilation. All you
have to do is provide a description of your project and Jbuilder will
do the rest.
The scheme it implements is inspired from the one used inside Jane
Street and adapted to the open source world. It has matured over a
long time and is used daily by hundred of developpers, which means
that it is highly tested and productive.
Jbuilder comes with a [[./doc/manual.org][manual]]. If you want to get started without
reading too much, look at the [[./doc/quick-start.org][quick start guide]].
reading too much, you can look at the [[./doc/quick-start.org][quick start guide]].
** Overview
Jbuilder is fast, has very low-overhead and supports parallel builds
on all platforms. It has no system dependencies: all you need to build
jbuilder and packages using jbuilder is OCaml. You don't need
Jbuilder reads project metadata from =jbuild= files, which are either
static files in a simple S-expression syntax or OCaml scripts. It uses
this information to setup build rules, generate configuration files
for development tools such as [[https://github.com/ocaml/merlin][merlin]], handle installation, etc...
Jbuilder itself is fast, has very low-overhead and supports parallel
builds on all platforms. It has no system dependencies: all you need
to build jbuilder and packages using jbuilder is OCaml. You don't need
=make= or =bash= as long as the packages themselves don't use =bash=
explicitely.
This hasn't been tested yet, but in theory one should be able to
install OCaml on Windows with a binary installer and then use only the
Windows Console to build Jbuilder and packages using Jbuilder.
Especially, one should be able to install OCaml on Windows with a
binary installer and then use only the Windows Console to build
Jbuilder and packages using Jbuilder. Although this hasn't been tested
yet.
** Features
** Strengths
*** Multi-package development
*** Composable
Jbuilder supports multi-package development by simply dropping
multiple repositories into the same directory. You just need to create
an empty file =jbuild-workspace= to mark the root of your workspace.
Take n repositories that use Jbuilder, arrange them in any way on the
file system and the result is still a single repository that Jbuilder
knows how to build at once.
*** Multi-context builds
This make simultaneous development on multiple packages trivial.
Jbuilders supports multi-context builds, such as building against
several opam roots/switches simultaneously. This helps maintaining
packages across several versions of OCaml and gives cross-compilation
for free; when you need a program to run on the host, you simply use
the one from the corresponding host context.
*** Gracefully handles multi-package repositories
*** Defining several packages in one repository
Jbuilder knows how to handle repositories containing several
packages. When building via [[https://opam.ocaml.org/][opam]], it is able to correctly use
libraries that were previously installed even if they are already
present in the source tree.
Jbuilder supports building several packages from the same
repository. When building via opam, it is able to correctly use
already installed libraries instead of the one present in the tarball.
The magic invocation is =jbuilder build-package <package-name>=.
The magic invocation is =jbuilder build-package <package>= which starts
by filtering out everything that is part of another opam package.
*** Building against several configurations at once
*** Develop with jenga, release with jbuilder
Jbuilder is able to build a given source code repository against
several configurations simultaneously. This helps maintaining packages
across several versions of OCaml as you can tests them all at once
without hassle.
Jbuilder is intended as a fast release build system. Eventually we'll
have jenga rules that are able to understand the jbuilder rules. This
means that one will be able to use jenga as a confortable development
build system that knows how to do polling builds or talk to emacs
and use jbuilder to release packages with as few requirements as
possible.
This feature should make cross-compilation easy, see details in the
[[ROADMAP.org][roadmap]].
This feature requires [[https://opam.ocaml.org/][opam]].
*** Jenga bridge
[[https://github.com/janestreet/jenga][Jenga]] is another build system for OCaml that has more advanced
features such as polling or much better editor integration. Jenga is
more powerful and more complex and as a result as much more
dependencies. It is planned to implement a small bridge between the
two so that a Jbuilder project can build with Jenga using this bridge.
** Status
Jbuilder is still in its infancy and in active development. The CLI is
still basic and not well documented.
However, most of the core functionality is already implemented. What
you can do right now is write some jbuild files, and invoke jbuilder
at the root of your project as follows:
#+begin_src
$ jbuilder build <package>.install
#+end_src
Building the =.install= file will build all the things that need to be
installed.
Most of the work to reach v1 has been done. It will be released after
a bit more testing.
** Roadmap
See [[ROADMAP.org]] for the current plan. Help on any of these points is
welcome!
** Implementation details
This section is for people who want to work on Jbuilder itself.
*** Bootstrap
In order to build itself, Jbuilder uses an OCaml script ([[bootstrap.ml]])
that dumps most of the sources of Jbuilder into a single =boot.ml=
file. This file is built using =ocamlopt= or =ocamlc= and used to
build everything else.
*** OCaml compatibility test
Install opam switches for all the entries in the [[jbuild-workspace.dev]]
file and run:
#+begin_src sh
$ make all-supported-ocaml-versions
#+end_src
*** Repository organization
- =vendor/= contains dependencies of Jbuilder, that have been vendored
- =plugin/= contains the API given to =jbuild= files that are OCaml
scripts
- =src/= contains the core of =Jbuilder=, as a library so that it can
be used to implement the Jenga bridge later
- =bin/= contains the command line interface
- =doc/= contains the manual and rules to generate the manual pages
*** Design
Jbuilder was initially designed to sort out the public release of Jane
Street packages which became incredibly complicated over time. It is
still successfully used for this purpose.
One necessary feature to achieve this is the ability to precisely
report the external dependencies necesseray to build a given set of
targets without running any command, just by looking at the source
tree. This is used to automatically generate the =<package>.opam=
files for all Jane Street packages.
To implement this, the build rules are described using a build arrow,
which is defined in [[src/build.mli][src/build]]. In the end it makes the development
of the internal rules of Jbuilder very composable and quite pleasant.
To deal with process multi-plexing, Jbuilder uses a simplified
Lwt/Async like monad, implemented in [[src/future.mli][src/future]].
**** Code flow
- [[src/jbuild_types.ml][src/jbuild_types]] contains the internal representation of =jbuild=
files and the parsing code
- [[src/jbuild_load.ml][src/jbuild_load]] contains the code to scan a source tree and build
the internal database by reading the =jbuild= files
- [[src/gen_rules.ml][src/gen_rules]] contains all the build rules of Jbuilder
- [[src/build_system.ml][src/build_system]] contains a trivial implementation of a Build
system. This is what Jenga will provide when implementing the bridge

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Load a configuration file from =~/.config/jbuilder/config.sexp= where
the user can define preferences such as colors.
** Code improvements
*** Delete the global variables in Clflags

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#+begin_src ocaml
(* -*- tuareg -*- *)
#require "my_jbuild_api";;
include My_jbuild_api.Make(Jbuild_plugin);;
#require "my_jbuild_api"
open My_jbuild_api
library "foo" ~modules:["plop"; "bidule"];;
let () =
library "foo" ~modules:["plop"; "bidule"]
#+end_src
*** Specification

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(library
((name jbuilder)
(public_name jbuilder)
(libraries (unix jbuilder_re))))
(libraries (unix jbuilder_re))
(synopsis "Internal Jbuilder library, do not use!"))
(ocamllex (sexp_lexer meta_lexer glob_lexer))

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(library
((name jbuilder_re)
(public_name jbuilder.re)))
(public_name jbuilder.re)
(synopsis "Internal Jbuilder library, do not use!")))